Radnje iz prošlosti koje imaju rezultat u sadašnjosti.
- Alan has made a cake. (result: There is a cake we can eat now)
- Has anyone seen my jacket? (result: I can’t find it)
- I’ve broken my leg. (result: I can’t play basketball now.)
Just, Yet, Still & Already
- I’ve already seen that film.
- He has just arrived from Rome.
- I’ve already been there.
- Have you finished your homework yet?
- He hasn’t eaten yet.
- I still haven’t found my jacket.
How much / How many?
- How many books have you read so far?
- She’s baked four chocolate cakes and made some ice cream.
- How many times have you seen this film?
- How many times has Manchester United beaten Real Madrid?
- How much money has he lost so far?
- I’m tired. I’ve read 100 pages and I need to take a break.
Still & Already = surprise
- Our bus still hasn’t arrived.
(We expected it to arrive before now) - The postman hasn’t been yet.
(We expected him before now, he’s late) - You must be joking! She‘s already had a baby?
(We didn’t expect her to have a baby so soon) - It’s been days and dad still hasn’t finished painting the room.
(We expected it to be over much sooner)
Nikada ne koristimo Present Perfect, ukoliko ne mislimo na sadašnjost. Uporedi:
- I’ve travelled in Africa a lot. (I know Africa well)
- Some people think that Shakespeare travelled a lot in Germany. (Shakespeare isn’t alive, so we can’t think about what he’s doing)
- We’ve learnt enough to pass the exam. (The exam is yet to come)
- We learnt enough to pass the exam. (The exam is over)
Ne zanima nas kada se radnja dogodila
- Have you seen Romeo and Juliet?
- I’ve been here before.
- I’ve heard of that name before.
- I’ve seen him before, but I can’t remember when.
Past Simple se uvek interesuje za: ‘kada’.
- I’ve seen him before, but I can’t remember when.
- When did you see him? ~ I saw him three days ago.
Za razliku od Past Simple: last year /month…
Present Perfect se interesuje za: this
- I haven’t been to the cinema this week. (ova nedelja još uvek traje=
- She hasn’t eaten anything this afternoon. (još uvek je popodne)
Uporedi:
- I haven’t seen him this morning. (It’s still morning)
- I didn’t see him this morning. (It’s the evening)
Kada želimo da kažemo koji je put da nam se nešto dešava.
- Oh, no – This is the third time I’ve seen this film. Let’s watch something else.
- This is the second time I’ve had flu this winter.
Uporedi:
- This is the tenth time I’ve told you to tidy your room.
- That was the first time he saw the Eiffel Tower. He was excited.
grammar
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